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You Already Know 40 Korean Words

Vocabulary · 10 min read · Published August 22, 2026 · Beginner

먹방 is eat + broadcast. 치맥 is chicken + beer. 눈치 is eye + measure. If you have watched a few K-dramas you have already absorbed around forty Korean words — and because Hangul is phonetic, you can learn to read every one of them within days.

Level: beginner. Every word here comes with Hangul, romanisation and its literal meaning. Nothing on this page requires grammar you have not met yet.

Most people start a language from zero. Korean is one of the few where a lot of learners start from somewhere in the middle without realising it — because K-dramas, K-pop and Korean food have been quietly handing them vocabulary for years.

So before learning anything new, count what you already have.

1 · People

The four words for “older sibling”

Female → older male오빠oppaOlder brother, or an older man you are close to
Male → older malehyeongOlder brother, said by a man
Female → older female언니eonniOlder sister, said by a woman
Male → older female누나nunaOlder sister, said by a man
The speaker's gender decides the word, not just the listener's. A woman says 오빠 and 언니; a man says and 누나. And these are used far beyond real family — for classmates, colleagues, friends and partners. Getting it wrong is not offensive, but it is instantly noticeable.
Senior선배seonbaeSomeone who joined before you. Junior: 후배
Teacher선생님seonsaengnimTeacher — is the honorific suffix
Conglomerate재벌jaebeol wealth + clan
Idol아이돌aidolFrom English “idol”
2 · Feelings and reactions
Jackpot대박daebakAmazing / no way. Used for anything remarkable
Cutesy charm애교aegyo affection + charm
Social radar눈치nunchi eye + measure — reading the room
Deep bondjeongAttachment built by time together. No English word
Fighting!화이팅hwaitingYou can do it! From English “fighting”
Really진짜jinjjaReally / seriously. Heard constantly
WhoaheolShock, disbelief. Text and speech alike
I love you사랑해saranghaeCasual form. Polite: 사랑해요
눈치 is worth its own moment. It means the ability to sense what a situation requires without being told. 눈치가 빠르다 = quick on the uptake. 눈치가 없다 = misses every social cue. 눈치를 보다 = carefully watching someone's mood. English needs a paragraph; Korean needs two syllables.
3 · Food and drink
Kimchi김치gimchiFermented vegetables, most famously cabbage
Bulgogi불고기bulgogi fire + 고기 meat
Bibimbap비빔밥bibimbap비빔 mixed + rice
Samgyeopsal삼겹살samgyeopsal three + layer + flesh — pork belly
Soju소주sojuThe clear spirit in every drama drinking scene
Chi-maek치맥chimaek킨 chicken + 주 beer
Tteokbokki떡볶이tteokbokki rice cake + 볶이 stir-fried
Mukbang먹방meokbang다 eat + 송 broadcast
Korean loves shortening compounds. 먹방 from 먹는 방송, 치맥 from 치킨 + 맥주, 소맥 from 소주 + 맥주, 강추 from 강력 추천 (strong recommendation). Once you notice the habit, you can often decode a brand-new slang word from its two halves.
4 · Culture
Hallyu한류hallyu Korea + flow — the Korean Wave
Webtoon웹툰weptunWeb + cartoon. A Korean invention
Taekwondo태권도taegwondo foot + fist + way
Hanbok한복hanbok Korea + clothing
Ondol온돌ondol warm + stone — underfloor heating
Hangul한글hangeul Korea + writing
Polite speech존댓말jondaenmalRespectful language. Casual: 반말
PC bang피시방pisibangPC + room — the same 방 as in 먹방
The payoff

You can read all of these in a few days

This is where Korean is genuinely kinder than its neighbours. Hangul is a phonetic alphabet, and its letters are packed into square syllable blocks. There is no memorising thousands of characters — there are 24 basic letters, and then you can read anything.

김 치
ㄱ + ㅣ + ㅁ  ·  ㅊ + ㅣ
g + i + m = gim  ·  ch + i = chi
Two blocks, five letters, and you have read a word.
먹 방
ㅁ + ㅓ + ㄱ  ·  ㅂ + ㅏ + ㅇ
m + eo + k = meok  ·  b + a + ng = bang
The bottom letter of a block is the 받침, and it closes the syllable.

That is the entire system. Most learners can read Hangul aloud correctly within a few days — long before they understand what they are reading, which is exactly the right order. Start with the Hangul guide and then batchim and liaison, which explains why 한국어 is pronounced 한구거.

Three that English changed on the way over

WordIn EnglishIn Korean
오빠A romantic nicknameSimply an older male, used by women for brothers, friends and colleagues too
선배Sometimes romanticisedPurely structural: someone who started before you did
화이팅Sounds aggressive in EnglishPure encouragement — the equivalent of “you've got this!”

And a friendly note about loanwords in general: Korean has hundreds of them, reshaped by Korean sounds — 커피 coffee, 버스 bus, 아이스크림 ice cream. They are covered in the Konglish guide.

You are further in than you thought

Hanguljo starts exactly here: Foundation lessons teach every consonant and vowel with stroke order and clear native audio, so the words you already recognise become words you can read. Then the TOPIK 1 to 6 lessons carry vocabulary, grammar and particles level by level, the 7-stage SRS engine returns each word on the day you were about to lose it, the conversation track adds real dialogues with play-along audio and shadowing using your own microphone, and the on-device OCR looks up any Korean text through your camera.

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Quick reference

  • 오빠 / 형 / 언니 / 누나 — the speaker's gender decides which one.
  • 먹방 = eat + broadcast · 치맥 = chicken + beer · 피시방 = PC + room.
  • 눈치 = eye + measure, the ability to read a room.
  • 불고기 fire-meat · 비빔밥 mixed-rice · 삼겹살 three-layer-flesh.
  • 한류 Korea-flow · 한복 Korea-clothing · 한글 Korea-writing.
  • Hangul has 24 basic letters packed into syllable blocks — readable in days.

Frequently asked questions

Who can say 오빠?

Only a female speaker, to an older male. A man says instead. Similarly 언니 is woman-to-woman and 누나 is man-to-woman.

What does 먹방 literally mean?

Eating broadcast — 먹다 (to eat) plus 방송 (broadcast). Korean shortens compounds like this constantly: 치맥, 소맥, 강추.

What does 눈치 mean?

Literally eye-measure: the social awareness to read a room. 눈치가 빠르다 is quick-witted socially; 눈치가 없다 misses every cue.

Is it hard to read words like 김치?

No. Hangul is phonetic and packed into syllable blocks: = ㄱ + ㅣ + ㅁ. Twenty-four letters, and most learners read aloud correctly within days.

Are K-drama words a good place to start?

Yes — the meanings are already stored in your head, so only the spelling is new. And the pieces recur: , , reappear across dozens of words.

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